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عمومی::
مداخلههای ناشی از خط مشی، مداخله های ناشی از خط مشی
Someone who attended a conference organized by the European Commission's (EC) Directorate General for Health and Consumer Affairs, for instance, could come away with the impression that the key feature of the EC's various behavioral insights teams is that they pre-test possible policy interventions using controlled experiments involving a treatment and a control group (European Commission DG SANCO, 2013).
practitioners in rolling out rigorous tests of envisaged policy interventions prior to their full-scale implementation (Ludwig et al.
Because of the well-known issue of sample selection bias, in fact, it is only by randomly assigning subjects to a treatment or control group that one can identify the causal effect of a policy intervention on an observed outcome (Heckman, 1979; Burtless, 1995; Angrist & Pischke, 2009; List, 2011; Gerber & Green, 2012).
From a conceptual point of view, the only way to rigorously test the effectiveness of preference-based policies would be to directly measure individual preferences prior to the policy intervention and then to directly observe decision-making and behavior under different conditions where the number of options in the choice sets is systematically manipulated.
Third, policy interventions seem to be particularly effective when the type and design of the information provided is directly inspired, and 'supercharged,' by genuine insights from the behavioral science (e.g. the 'informational nudges' in Bhargava & Loewenstein, 2015).
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